^a. Third National Report on Human Exposure to Environmental Chemicals, U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, January 2003.

^b. The urinary concentrations of phthalate monoesters reported by CDC were converted to daily intake of the parent phthalate using the methodology described in David, R. (2000). Exposure to phthalate esters. Environmental Health Perspectives 108(10):A440. The values given by this methodology are very similar to values derived by a separate methodology used by the CDC and the National Institute for Environmental Health Sciences. Kohn, M., et al. (2000). Human exposure estimates for phthalates. Environmental Health Perspectives 108(10):A440-442.

^c. RfD = reference dose. From the Integrated Risk Information System (IRIS) database maintained by the US Environmental Protection Agency (www.epa.gov/ngispgm3/iris). A reference dose is an exposure level defined by the Environmental Protection Agency as "a numerical estimate of a daily oral exposure to the human population, including sensitive subgroups such as children, that is not likely to cause harmful effects during a lifetime."

^d. Below Level of Detection

^e. EPA has not developed an RfD for DINP. The value given is the Acceptable Daily Intake from Report to the U.S. Consumer Product Safety Commission by the Chronic Hazard Advisory Panel on Diisononyl Phthalate (DINP), June 2001 (available at http://www.cpsc.gov/LIBRARY/FOIA/Foia01/os/dinp.pdf).

^f.CDC tested for three different metabolites of DEHP

Last Updated: April 26, 2007